CLINICAL-OPHTHALMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONGENITAL CATARACT DISEASE IN CHILDREN BORN FROM CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN AZERBAIJAN

Published 2025 - 29th ESCRS Winter Meeting

Reference: PO188 | Type: Presented Poster & Poster | DOI: 10.82333/sm41-f151

Authors: Ravana Hasanova* ¹ , Elmar Kasimov ²

¹National Ophthalmology Center named after academician Z. Aliyeva,baku,Azerbaijan;National Ophthalmology Center named after academician Z. Aliyeva,baku,Azerbaijan, ²National Ophthalmology Center named after academician Z. Aliyeva,baku,Azerbaijan

Purpose

To study the frequency and clinical characteristics of congenital cataract among children born from consanguineous marriages in Azerbaijan

Setting

Blindness among children accounts for 4% of total blindness worldwide. That is, 19 million children suffer from visual impairment. 1.4 million of them live blind. 50% of blind children do not see due to a preventable, treatable cause. Congenital cataract (CC) is considered a treatable disease, and 190,000 children in the world suffer from blindness due to cataract. Cataracts in children can be congenital, acquired and traumatic in origin.. Congenital cataract is a clouding of the eye during and after birth. It can be unilateral or bilateral. Cause more severe visual impairment and more severe visual impairment in the mother due to altered visual function. Early treatment and treatment are of great importance for treatment. Follow-up and treatment is quite long. It is found in conjunction with many eye and systemic operations.

Methods

The object of the study was the database and statistical report forms of the National Ophthalmology Center named after Acad Zarifa Aliyeva of the Children's Medical Expertise Commission for the years 2019-2023. During the study, children diagnosed with congenital cataract were analyzed according to family history, gender and age characteristics. According to statistical reports, patients were standardized according to 2 groups of consanguineous marriages (A), non-consanguineous marriages (B) and 3 age categories based on anamnesis; "0-5" "6-10" and "11-15 years" groups. Statistical data processing and mathematical processing were performed using SPSS 26 software.
Complex ophthalmological examination methods were used to evaluate the ophthalmological condition. The studied diagnoses were classified according to the İCD-10 code according to nosological groups of eye pathology.

Results

Congenital cataracts in the studied patients were grouped based on anamnesis and it was determined that the incidence of the disease among children from group A was 60% (n=68), and 40% (n=44) was noted in group B. A total of 112 cases (72 males, 40 females) were recruited in the study. There was a significant difference between boys and girls in the incidence of congenital cataract. So, cases of illness were more common among boys (p<0.001).

In our study, 35 of the children born from consanguineous marriages who were operated on with the diagnosis of congenital cataract were diagnosed with artiphakia and 17 with aphakia. However, in patients without a positive consanguineous marriage history, the ratio of artifactual cases to the diagnosis of aphakia is higher.

Conclusion

According to the results of our study, congenital cataract was noted in 112 (20%) of 560 patients with hereditary eye disease. Among them, 68 patients (60%) had family history of consanguineous marriage.